russia has completely failed its “import substitution” policy in the machine tool manufacturing sector
By the end of 2024, the share of foreign-made equipment in Russia exceeded 98%. The most critical situation is among electronics manufacturers, where it’s nearly impossible to find russian-made components.
Despite all efforts to boost the production of domestic equipment needed by Russia for arms manufacturing under sanctions, by the end of 2024, such equipment accounted for less than 2% in Russia.
So, despite the rhetoric about “technological sovereignty,” russia remains a technologically backward country incapable of producing machinery for its own military-industrial complex.
